"Human Skeletal Remains," by Cynthia S. Bradley

Table 2. Isolated Human Bone and Human Remains Occurrence 6, Yellow Jacket Pueblo
PD FS PL Study Unit Study Unit Horizontal Study Unit Vertical Element Specific Identification Side Percent Complete Age Categorya Age Estimate Link No.b Comments
Isolated Bone
31 39 3 Nst 909 1X1 1224N 1006E Stratum 2 permanent upper tooth lateral incisor left >75 adolescent/ young adult     age assessment based on wear
35 38 13 Str 704 1X1 1149N 1013E Stratum 2-Level 1 intermediate hand phalanx   right >75 adult     from ray 4 or 5
35 40 9 Str 704 1X1 1149N 1013E Stratum 2-Level 1 deciduous upper tooth canine left >75 child     very worn
38 7 1 Arb 800 2X1 1191N 1008E Stratum 3 permanent lower tooth second molar left >75 adult     all four cusps worn, lingual and distal cusps most worn
60 21 4 Arb 800 1X1 1178N 1028E Stratum 2 proximal hand phalanx   ind >75 adult     from ray 2, 3, or 4
63 1 6 Str 704 1X1 1149N 1013E Stratum 3 permanent upper tooth canine left >75 child 2–5 y   broken crown; unknown if root was developing or resorbing
112 10 12 Str 1201 1X2 1202N 1144E Stratum 2 metatarsal third metatarsal ind >75 child      
112 11 15 Str 1201 1X2 1202N 1144E Stratum 2 vertebra   both <25 juvenile     centrum
116 13 8 Str 1201 1X1 1202N 1146E Stratum 2 intermediate hand phalanx   ind >75 child 2–6 y   age assessment based on size
116 14 3 Str 1201 1X1 1202N 1146E Stratum 2 fibula   right 25–75 child     midshaft; age assessment based on size
116 15 7 Str 1201 1X1 1202N 1146E Stratum 2 vertebra   both 25–75 child 5–10 y   neural arch and body fragment; age assessment based on size and development
116 16 6 Str 1201 1X1 1202N 1146E Stratum 2 metacarpal third metacarpal left >75 adult      
116 17 10 Str 1201 1X1 1202N 1146E Stratum 2 proximal foot phalanx   ind >75 child 5–10 y   age assessment based on size
181 22 5 Str 1209 Segment 1 Stratum 3 mandible   right <25 child 3 y +/- 12 m   fragment containing fully erupted deciduous first molar and deciduous second molar, unerupted crown of permanent first molar; wear indicates upper age range
202 1 2 Nst 1106 1X1 1260N 1105E Stratum 1 vertebra cervical both <25 infant 1–2 y   age assessment based on size and development
202 2 3 Nst 1106 1X1 1260N 1105E Stratum 1 rib   ind <25 ind     midsection
239 1 1 Arb 2200 1X1 1146N 1051E Stratum 2 permanent lower tooth second or third molar right >75 adult     age assessment based on wear
286 1 10 Str 704 1X1 1149N 1013E Stratum 4 terminal hand phalanx   ind >75 adult      
286 37 21 Str 704 1X1 1149N 1013E Stratum 4 proximal hand phalanx   right >75 adult     ray 5
347 22   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 2 proximal foot phalanx   ind >75 adult     possibly from one of the individuals in HRO 6
347 22   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 2 vertebra thoracic left >75 infant     neural arch; possibly from one of the individuals in HRO 6
355 1 6 Arb 2200 1X1 1142N 1029E Stratum 1 rib   ind <25 adult     shaft fragment
360 13   Nst 2205 1X1 1148N 1028E Stratum 2 metatarsal first metatarsal right >75 adolescent 15–19 y   unfused proximal epiphysis; age assessment based on size and development
360 13   Nst 2205 1X1 1148N 1028E Stratum 2 vertebra   ind <25 adolescent 15–19 y   centrum fragment; superior and inferior surfaces billowed; no rings
372 30   Nst 102 1X1 903N 964E Stratum 2 indeterminate tooth   ind <25 adult     three small permanent tooth crown fragments; age assessment based on wear
377 40   Nst 604 1X1 1106N 1003E Stratum 4 terminal hand phalanx   ind >75 adult     ray 1 (thumb); possibly from the same individual as HRO 5, based on size, development, and nonduplication of elements
377 40   Nst 604 1X1 1106N 1003E Stratum 4 intermediate hand phalanx   ind >75 adult     two pieces that refit; possibly from the same individual as HRO 5, based on size, development, and nonduplication of elements
377 40   Nst 604 1X1 1106N 1003E Stratum 4 occipital   right >75 child 5–9 y   unfused occipital condyle; age assessment based on size and development
386 1 5 Nst 306 2X1 1012N 1007E Stratum 2 indeterminate tooth   ind <25 ind     crown fragment; probably molar
387 26   Str 704 1X1 1149N 1013E Stratum 5 clavicle   ind <25 adult     sternal end; epiphyseal surface missing because of postmortem disintegration
388 45   Nst 501 1X1 1070N 1001E Stratum 4 tarsal talus right >75 adolescent      
388 45   Nst 501 1X1 1070N 1001E Stratum 4 rib   left 25–75 adolescent     shaft fragment
388 45   Nst 501 1X1 1070N 1001E Stratum 4 proximal hand phalanx   ind <25 adult     shaft fragment
411 5 8 Nst 402 1X1 1034N 1010E Stratum 3 permanent upper tooth central incisor left >75 adolescent/ young adult     age assessment based on wear
421 1 8 Arb 2400 2X1 936N 884E Stratum 1 mandible   left <25 middle adult 40–55 y   very eroded section of mandibular arch with left permanent second premolar, first molar, and second molar
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 rib   right <25 adult   2 shaft only
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 rib   left 25–75 adult   2 sternal end
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 rib   left 25–75 adult   2 distal end
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 rib   left 25–75 young adult 25–30 y if male, 24–31 y if female 2  
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 rib   left 25–75 young adult 25–30 y if male, 24–31 y if female 2  
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 vertebra lumbar both 25–75 young adult   2 rings fused; mild osteoarthritis; age assessment based on development
432 48   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 2 coccyx   both >75 adult   2 first segment
435 41   Nst 103 1X1 901N 980E Stratum 2 proximal hand phalanx   ind 25–75 adult      
446 25   Arb 200 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 3 indeterminate tooth   ind <25 ind     root only; permanent anterior tooth
453 45   Nst 303 1X1 980N 992E Stratum 2 intermediate hand phalanx   ind >75 adult     possibly from the same individual as HRO 3
470 68   Nst 302 1X1 985N 1011E Stratum 3 metacarpal   left >75 adult      
480 18   Nst 103 1X1 901N 980E Stratum 3 intermediate hand phalanx   ind >75 middle adult     age assessment based on presence of moderate osteoarthritis
511 1 2 Arb 1200 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 1 femur   left 25–75 adult     shaft fragment
511 2 3 Arb 1200 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 1 permanent upper tooth central incisor right >75 adolescent     age assessment based on wear
512 2   Str 1201 Segment 1 Stratum 2-Level 1 intermediate hand phalanx   left >75 middle adult     age assessment based on presence of mild osteoarthritis
512 2   Str 1201 Segment 1 Stratum 2-Level 1 permanent lower tooth third molar right >75 middle adult     very worn; one pit caries
519 12   Str 1211 Segment 1 Stratum 2-Level 1 metacarpal   ind <25 adult      
538 1 1 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 indeterminate postcranial   ind <25 adult      
538 2 2 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 permanent lower tooth   left >75 adolescent 12–15 y   age assessment based on wear
538 3 3 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 tibia   left <25 adult     shaft fragment
538 4 4 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 tibia   right <25 child     shaft fragment
538 5 5 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 deciduous lower tooth   right >75 child   3 age assessment based on root development
538 6 6 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 indeterminate tooth   ind <25 child?     fragmentary, burned root; probably a permanent molar
538 7 7 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 deciduous lower tooth second molar right >75 child   3  
538 8 10 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 permanent upper tooth lateral incisor right >75 child 4 y +/- 12 m 3 undeveloped tooth, crown only
538 8 10 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 permanent upper tooth lateral incisor left >75 child 4 y +/- 12 m 3 undeveloped tooth, crown only
538 8 10 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 permanent lower tooth first molar left >75 child 4 y +/- 12 m 3 undeveloped tooth, crown only
538 9 11 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 2 vertebra thoracic both >75 adolescent     age assessment based on size and development
570 19 4 Arb 1200 Segment 9 Stratum 2 metatarsal first metatarsal right >75 adult      
601 1 3 Arb 200 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 5 proximal hand phalanx   ind 25–75 adult     gracile or young adult; no osteoarthritis
602 1 1 Nst 506 2X1 1090N 1001E Surface 1 deciduous lower tooth second molar right >75 child      
603 1 1 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 metacarpal   left >75 adult     gracile
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 permanent lower tooth first molar right >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 permanent lower tooth second molar right >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 permanent lower tooth second molar left >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 deciduous lower tooth first molar left >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 deciduous lower tooth second molar left >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 deciduous lower tooth first molar right >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 18 3 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 deciduous lower tooth second molar right >75 child 7 y +/-24 m 4 age assessment based on root development (Ubelaker 1989*1)
603 19 5 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 permanent tooth premolar (?) ind <25 ind     fragment
603 20 9 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 6 deciduous tooth first molar ind <25 child   4?  
613 1 3 Arb 2400 2X1 936N 884E Stratum 2 permanent upper tooth third molar right 25–75 adult     age assessment based on wear
684 1 11 Arb 2400 2X1 936N 884E Stratum 4 permanent upper tooth first molar right >75 adult     age assessment based on wear
684 1 11 Arb 2400 2X1 936N 884E Stratum 4 permanent upper tooth first molar left >75 adult     age assessment based on wear
684 2 12 Arb 2400 2X1 936N 884E Stratum 4 permanent lower tooth second premolar left >75 adult      
684 3 13 Arb 2400 2X1 936N 884E Stratum 4 permanent lower tooth first molar left 25–75 adult     worn and fragmentary cusps
689 10 10 Str 204 2X1 973N 992E Stratum 7 permanent upper tooth first molar ind <25 ind >5 y +/- 6 m 4? fragment; age assessment based on root development
726 10 15 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 2-Level 3 vertebra thoracic both <25 adult     vertebral process
733 1 9 Str 1201 Segment 1 Stratum 3 metatarsal third metatarsal left >75 adult      
733 23   Str 1201 Segment 1 Stratum 3 terminal hand phalanx   ind >75 adult      
733 24   Str 1201 Segment 1 Stratum 3 tarsal talus left >75 adult      
742 17 26 Str 1214 Segment 5 Stratum 5 os coxa   left <25 middle adult (mid- to late 40s)     region of pubic symphysis only; dorsal pitting; age assessment based on Suchey-Brooks stage V-II (female) and phase V (male) (Brooks and Suchey 1990*1), Todd phase 9 (Todd 1920*1)
824 1 3 Nst 2606 2X1 871N 911E Surface 1 rib   left >75 adult      
824 1 3 Nst 2606 2X1 871N 911E Surface 1 rib   left >75 adult      
836 1 3 Nst 3301 1X1 694N 961E Stratum 4 permanent upper tooth third molar right >75 adolescent/ adult     wear indicates older adolescent or young adult
849 21   Nst 603 1X1 1106N 1003E Surface 1 carpal   ind 25–75 juvenile     possibly from the same individual as HRO 5, based on size and development
Human Remains Occurrence 6
382 1 3 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 os coxa   right >75 adolescent 12–18 y 1 ilium fragment
382 2 4 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 mandible   left 25–75 adolescent 12–16 y 1 arch fragment containing erupted permanent canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar; and unerupted permanent third molar in unopened crypt
382 3 5 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 scapula   right <25 adolescent 12–18 y 1 fragment containing glenoid cavity; early fusion of glenoid epiphysis
382 4 6 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 vertebra cervical ind <25 adult     arch fragment
382 5 7 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 femur   ind <25 adult     shaft fragment
382 6 8 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 humerus   right <25 juvenile     unfused proximal epiphysis
382 6 8 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 vertebra   ind <25 ind     neural arch fragment
382 6 8 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 completely indeterminate   ind <25 ind     unidentified fragments
382 7 9 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 femur   ind <25 adult     very small fragment
382 8 11 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 mandible   right >75 adolescent   1 small mandible fragment containing permanent lateral incisor and canine
382 11 14 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 tibia   left <25 adult     midshaft fragment
382 12 15 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 scapula   right <25 juvenile     tiny scapular body fragment
382 22 18 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 tibia   ind <25 adolescent     incompletely observable anterior shaft fragment; gracile; cortex moderately thin; young adolescent or possibly a child
382 23 19 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 humerus   right 25–75 infant 1–3 y   proximal half of diaphysis; age assessment based on size
382 24 20 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 fibula   ind <25 adult     incompletely observable shaft fragment
382 25 21 Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 indeterminate postcranial   ind <25 adolescent/ adult >12 y   incompletely observable shaft fragment; age assessment based on size
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 proximal foot phalanx   right >75 adult      
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 metatarsal first metatarsal ind <25 adult      
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 os coxa   right 25–75 adolescent 12–18 y 1 pubis
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 vertebra   ind <25 juvenile     centrum
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 vertebra   ind <25 juvenile     neural arch fragment
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 mandible   right <25 adolescent   1 ramus fragment
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 humerus   ind 25–75 juvenile     unfused epiphysis
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 proximal foot phalanx   ind >75 juvenile      
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 intermediate hand phalanx   ind 25–75 juvenile      
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 radius   ind 25–75 juvenile     unfused proximal epiphysis
382 54   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 radius   ind 25–75 juvenile     unfused distal epiphysis
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 tibia   ind <25 adult      
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 indeterminate postcranial   ind <25 juvenile     two small fragments
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 vertebra   ind <25 adult     neural arch fragment
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 rib   right <25 adolescent/ young adult 18–24 y   articular end; incompletely fused epiphysis
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 femur   ind <25 child 5–9 y   very small section of distal shaft and metaphysis; age assessment based on size
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 femur   ind <25 child/ adolescent 5–14 y   distal condyle fragment; age assessment based on size
382 61   Nst 401 1X1 1038N 1012E Stratum 3 proximal hand phalanx   ind <25 child 5–9 y   complete shaft; missing unfused proximal epiphysis; age assessment based on size
PD = Provenience Designation; FS = Field Specimen; PL = Point Location; Arb = Arbitrary Unit; Str = Structure; Nst = Nonstructure; HRO = Human Remains Occurrence; ind = indeterminate; y = years; m = months.

aAge categories are defined as follows (from Buikstra and Ubelaker 1994*1): fetal = before birth; infant = birth to 3 years; child = 3 to 12 years; adolescent = 12 to 20 years; young adult = 20 to 35 years; middle adult = 35 to 50 years; old adult = 50+ years; juvenile = 0 to 20 years; adult = 20+ years.

bA "link" is a designation assigned to (1) isolated elements that are probably from one individual but which are insufficient in number or in skeletal-element diversity to warrant an HRO designation, or (2) elements within a mulitple-person HRO that are believed to be the remains of one individual.
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