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Chapter 6

Archaeobotanical Remains

by Karen R. Adams, Kristin A. Kuckelman, and Vandy E. Bowyer

References Cited

Adams 1989*3

Adams, K. R.

1989    Plant Remains from Sand Canyon Pueblo (5MT765), a Mesa Verde Phase Pueblo III Site in Southwestern Colorado. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Adams 1989*5

Adams, K. R.

1989    Report on Sand Canyon Flotation Samples Analyzed Fall 1989. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Adams 1993*1

Adams, K. R.

1993    Carbonized Plant Remains. In The Duckfoot Site, Volume 1: Descriptive Archaeology, edited by R. R. Lightfoot and M. C. Etzkorn, pp. 195–220. Occasional Papers, no. 3. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Adams 1994*1

Adams, K. R.

1994    A Regional Synthesis of Zea mays in the Prehistoric American Southwest. In Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by S. Johannessen and C. A. Hastorf, pp. 273–302. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.

Adams 1999*3

Adams, K. R.

1999    Macrobotanical Remains. In The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project: Site Testing [HTML Title], edited by M. D. Varien, Chapter 16. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/sitetesting.

Adams 2004*1

Adams, K. R.

2004    Archaeobotanical Analysis: Principles and Methods [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/plantmethods.

Adams and Bowyer 2002*2

Adams, K. R., and V. E. Bowyer

2002    Sustainable Landscape: Thirteenth-Century Food and Fuel Use in the Sand Canyon Locality. In Seeking the Center Place: Archaeology and Ancient Communities in the Mesa Verde Region, edited by M. D. Varien and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 123–142. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Adams et al. 1999*1

Adams, K. R., D. A. Muenchrath, and D. M. Schwindt

1999    Moisture Effects on the Morphology of Ears, Cobs and Kernels of a South-western U.S. Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivar, and Implications for the Interpretation of Archaeological Maize. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:483–496.

Adams and Murray 2004*1

Adams, K. R., and S. S. Murray

2004    Identification Criteria for Plant Remains Recovered from Archaeological Sites in the Central Mesa Verde Region [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/plantID.

Adams and Petersen 1999*1

Adams, K. R., and K. L. Petersen

1999    Environment. In Colorado Prehistory: A Context for the Southern Colorado River Basin, edited by W. D. Lipe, M. D. Varien, and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 14–50. Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Denver.

Arrhenius and Bonatti 1965*1

Arrhenius, G., and E. Bonatti

1965    The Mesa Verde Loess. In Contributions of the Wetherill Mesa Archaeological Project, assembled by D. Osborne, pp. 92–100. Memoirs, no. 19. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.

Benz 1984*1

Benz, B. F.

1984    Appendix B: Biotic Remains. In Dolores Archaeological Program: Synthetic Report, 1978–1981, prepared under the supervision of D. A. Breternitz, pp. 199–214. Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.

Bohrer 1980*1

Bohrer, V. L.

1980    Plants Whose Distributions or Abundance Has Changed Since Prehistoric Times. In Investigations at the Salmon Site: The Structure of Chacoan Society in the Northern Southwest, III, edited by C. Irwin-Williams and P. H. Shelley, pp. 345–351. Eastern New Mexico University Anthropology Department, Portales.

Bowyer 1995*1

Bowyer, V.

1995    Carbonized Plant Remains from Sand Canyon Pueblo (Draft). Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Brown 1982*1

Brown, D. E.

1982    Great Basin Conifer Woodland. In Biotic Communities of the American Southwest—United States and Mexico, edited by D. E. Brown, pp. 52–57. Desert Plants 4(1–4).

Brugge 1965*1

Brugge, D. M.

1965    Charred Maize and "Nubbins." Plateau 38:49–51.

Cater and Chenault 1988*1

Cater, J. D., and M. L. Chenault

1988    Kiva Use Reinterpreted. Southwestern Lore 54(3):19–32.

Cutler and Whitaker 1961*1

Cutler, H. C., and T. W. Whitaker

1961    History and Distribution of the Cultivated Cucurbits in the Americas. American Antiquity 26:469–485.

Dean and Van West 2002*1

Dean, J. S., and C. R. Van West

2002    Environment-Behavior Relationships in Southwestern Colorado. In Seeking the Center Place: Archaeology and Ancient Communities in the Mesa Verde Region, edited by M. D. Varien and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 81–99. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Decker and Tieszen 1989*1

Decker, K. W., and L. L. Tieszen

1989    Isotopic Reconstruction of Mesa Verde Diet from Basketmaker III to Pueblo III. Kiva 55:33–47.

Ebeling 1986*1

Ebeling, W.

1986    Handbook of Indian Foods and Fibers of Arid America. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Erdman et al. 1969*1

Erdman, J. A., C. L. Douglas, and J. W. Marr

1969    Environment of Mesa Verde, Colorado. Archeological Research Series, no. 7-B. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

Fewkes 1911*1

Fewkes, J. W.

1911    Antiquities of the Mesa Verde National Park: Cliff Palace. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 51. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Gish 1988*2

Gish, J. W.

1988    Pollen Analysis of Structure 208 at Sand Canyon Pueblo, Colorado. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Gish 1990*1

Gish, J. W.

1990    Pollen Results from Five Pueblo III Sites, Upper Sand Canyon, Southwestern Colorado. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Goette et al. 1994*1

Goette, S., M. Williams, S. Johannessen, and C. A. Hastorf

1994    Toward Reconstructing Ancient Maize: Experiments in Processing and Charring. Journal of Ethnobiology 14:1–21.

Hovezak 1992*1

Hovezak, M. J.

1992    Construction Timber Economics at Sand Canyon Pueblo. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.

Hunter 1997*1

Hunter, A. A.

1997    Seeds, Cucurbits, and Corn from Lizard Man Village. Kiva 62:221–244.

Katzenberg 1995*1

Katzenberg, M. A.

1995    Report on Bone Chemistry Studies from the Sand Canyon Locality. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Kuckelman 2000*1

Kuckelman, K. A. (editor)

2000    The Archaeology of Castle Rock Pueblo: A Thirteenth-Century Village in Southwestern Colorado [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/castlerock.

Kuckelman 2002*1

Kuckelman, K. A.

2002    Thirteenth-Century Warfare in the Central Mesa Verde Region. In Seeking the Center Place: Archaeology and Ancient Communities in the Mesa Verde Region, edited by M. D. Varien and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 233–253. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Kuckelman 2007*1

Kuckelman, K. A.

2007    The Depopulation of Sand Canyon Pueblo, a Large Ancestral Pueblo Village in Southwestern Colorado. American Antiquity, in press.

Kuckelman et al. 2002*2

Kuckelman, K. A., R. R. Lightfoot, and D. L. Martin

2002    The Bioarchaeology and Taphonomy of Violence at Castle Rock and Sand Canyon Pueblos, Southwestern Colorado. American Antiquity 67:486–513.

Lekson 1988*1

Lekson, S. H.

1988    The Idea of the Kiva in Anasazi Archaeology. The Kiva 53:213–234.

Lekson 1989*1

Lekson, S. H.

1989    Kivas? In The Architecture of Social Integration in Prehistoric Pueblos, edited by W. D. Lipe and M. Hegmon, pp. 161–167. Occasional Papers, no. 1. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Lightfoot et al. 1993*1

Lightfoot, R. R., M. C. Etzkorn, K. R. Adams, and D. N. Walker

1993    Introduction. In The Duckfoot Site, Volume 1: Descriptive Archaeology, edited by R. R. Lightfoot and M. C. Etzkorn, pp. 1–13. Occasional Papers, no. 3. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Lipe 1989*1

Lipe, W. D.

1989    Social Scale of Mesa Verde Anasazi Kivas. In The Architecture of Social Integration in Prehistoric Pueblos, edited by W. D. Lipe and M. Hegmon, pp. 53–71. Occasional Papers, no. 1. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Lipe 1995*1

Lipe, W. D.

1995    The Depopulation of the Northern San Juan: Conditions in the Turbulent 1200s. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14:143–169.

Lipe and Varien 1999*1

Lipe, W. D., and M. D. Varien

1999    Pueblo III (A.D. 1150–1300). In Colorado Prehistory: A Context for the Southern Colorado River Basin, edited by W. D. Lipe, M. D. Varien, and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 290–352. Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Denver.

Martin and Barkley 1961*1

Martin, A. C., and W. D. Barkley

1961    Seed Identification Manual. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Minnis 1989*1

Minnis, P. E.

1989    Prehistoric Diet in the Northern Southwest: Macroplant Remains from Four Corners Feces. American Antiquity 54:543–563.

Murray and Jackman-Craig 2003*1

Murray, S. S., and N. D. Jackman-Craig

2003    Archaeobotanical Remains. In The Archaeology of Yellow Jacket Pueblo: Excavations at a Large Community Center in Southwestern Colorado [HTML Title], edited by K. A. Kuckelman. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/yellowjacket.

Nickerson 1953*1

Nickerson, N. H.

1953    Variation in Cob Morphology Among Certain Archaeological and Ethnological Races of Maize. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 40:79–111.

Ortman et al. 2005*1

Ortman, S. G., E. L. Baxter, C. L. Graham, G. R. Lyle, L. W. Matis, J. A. Merewether, R. D. Satterwhite, and J. D. Till

2005    The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Laboratory Manual, Version 1 [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/labmanual.

Petersen 1988*1

Petersen, K. L.

1988    Climate and the Dolores River Anasazi: A Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction from a 10,000-Year Pollen Record, La Plata Mountains, Southwestern Colorado. Anthropological Papers, no. 113. University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Petersen and Matthews 1987*1

Petersen, K. L., and M. H. Matthews

1987    Man's Impact on the Landscape: A Prehistoric Example from the Dolores River Anasazi, Southwestern Colorado. Journal of the West 26(3):4–16.

Powell 1875*1

Powell, J. W.

1875    Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and Its Tributaries, Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872, Under the Direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Rainey and Adams 2004*1

Rainey, K. D., and K. R. Adams

2004    Plant Use by Native Peoples of the American Southwest: Ethnographic Documentation [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/plantuses.

Rainey and Jezik 2002*1

Rainey, K. D., and S. Jezik

2002    Archaeobotanical Remains. In The Archaeology of Woods Canyon Pueblo: A Canyon-Rim Village in Southwestern Colorado [HTML Title], edited by M. J. Churchill. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/woodscanyon.

Schaff 1981*1

Schaff, J.

1981    A Method for Reliable and Quantifiable Subsampling of Archaeological Features for Flotation. Mid-Continental Journal of Archaeology 6:219–248.

Schiffer 1972*1

Schiffer, M. B.

1972    Archaeological Context and Systemic Context. American Antiquity 37:156–165.

Schiffer 1987*1

Schiffer, M. B.

1987    Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Scott 1979*1

Scott, L. J.

1979    Dietary Inferences from Hoy House Coprolites: A Palynological Interpretation. The Kiva 44:257–281.

Scott and Aasen 1985*1

Scott, L. J., and D. K. Aasen

1985    Pollen and Macrofloral Analyses of Sand Canyon Pueblo: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Interpretations. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Simpson 1964*1

Simpson, J. H.

1964    Navaho Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Navaho Country Made in 1849. Edited and annotated by F. McNitt. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

Stewart and Robertson 1971*1

Stewart, R. B., and W. Robertson III

1971    Moisture and Seed Carbonization. Economic Botany 25:381.

Stiger 1979*1

Stiger, M. A.

1979    Mesa Verde Subsistence Patterns from Basketmaker to Pueblo III. The Kiva 44:133–144.

Turner 1982*1

Turner, R. M.

1982    Great Basin Desertscrub. In Biotic Communities of the American Southwest—United States and Mexico, edited by D. E. Brown, pp. 145–155. Desert Plants 4(1–4).

Van West and Dean 2000*1

Van West, C. R., and J. S. Dean

2000    Environmental Characteristics of the A.D. 900–1300 Period in the Central Mesa Verde Region. Kiva 66:19–44.

Van West and Lipe 1992*1

Van West, C. R., and W. D. Lipe

1992    Modeling Prehistoric Climate and Agriculture in Southwestern Colorado. In The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project: A Progress Report, edited by W. D. Lipe, pp. 105–119. Occasional Papers, no. 2. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Varien 1999*10

Varien, M. D.

1999    Troy's Tower. In The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project: Site Testing [HTML Title], edited by M. D. Varien, Chapter 7. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/sitetesting.

Varien 1999*7

Varien, M. D. (editor)

1999    The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project: Site Testing [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/sitetesting.

Varien and Lightfoot 1989*1

Varien, M. D., and R. R. Lightfoot

1989    Ritual and Nonritual Activities in Mesa Verde Region Pit Structures. In The Architecture of Social Integration in Prehistoric Pueblos, edited by W. D. Lipe and M. Hegmon, pp. 73–87. Occasional Papers, no. 1. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Wellhausen et al. 1952*1

Wellhausen, E. J., L. M. Roberts, and E. Hernandez X. (in collaboration with P. C. Mangelsdorf)

1952    Races of Maize in Mexico: Their Origin, Characteristics and Distribution. The Bussey Institution of Harvard University, Cambridge.

Welsh et al. 1987*1

Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L. C. Higgins (editors)

1987    A Utah Flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, no. 9. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.