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Chapter 7

Human Skeletal Remains

by Kristin A. Kuckelman and Debra L. Martin

References Cited

Akins 1986*1

Akins, N. J.

1986    A Biocultural Approach to Human Burials from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Reports of the Chaco Center, no. 9. National Park Service, Santa Fe.

Akins 2003*1

Akins, N. J.

2003    The Burials of Pueblo Bonito. In Pueblo Bonito: Center of the Chacoan World, edited by J. E. Neitzel, pp. 94–106. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.

Arte 2001*1

Arte, S.

2001    Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of Familial Hypodontia. Unpublished academic dissertation, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Barnes 1994*1

Barnes, E.

1994    Developmental Defects of the Axial Skeleton in Paleopathology. University Press of Colorado, Niwot, Colorado.

Barnes 1994*2

Barnes, E.

1994    Polydactyly in the Southwest. Kiva 59:419–431.

Bennett 1973*2

Bennett, K. A.

1973    The Indians of Point of Pines, Arizona: A Comparative Study of Their Physical Characteristics. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, no. 23. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Bennett 1975*1

Bennett, K. A.

1975    Skeletal Remains from Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Publications in Archeology, no. 7F. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

Biesecker 2002*1

Biesecker, L. G.

2002    Polydactyly: How Many Disorders and How Many Genes? PubMed online abstract (at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) of American Journal of Medical Genetics 112:279–283.

Bradley 1993*3

Bradley, C. S.

1993    Preliminary Report on Human Skeletal Remains at Sand Canyon Pueblo, 1993 Field Season. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Bradley 1998*1

Bradley, C. S.

1998    Obligation and Children: Attitudes of Obligation in the Nurturing and Interpretation of Children. Unpublished Master's thesis, Vermont College of Norwich University, Montpelier, Vermont.

Bradley 1999*1

Bradley, C. S.

1999    Obligation and the Children of Sand Canyon Pueblo. Paper presented at the 64th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Chicago.

Bradley 2002*2

Bradley, C. S.

2002    Human Skeletal Remains. In The Archaeology of Woods Canyon Pueblo: A Canyon-Rim Village in Southwestern Colorado [HTML Title], edited by M. J. Churchill. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/woodscanyon.

Bradley 2002*1

Bradley, C. S.

2002    Thoughts Count: Ideology and the Children of Sand Canyon Pueblo. In Children in the Prehistoric Puebloan Southwest, edited by K. A. Kamp, pp. 169–195. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Bradley 2003*1

Bradley, C. S.

2003    Human Skeletal Remains. In The Archaeology of Yellow Jacket Pueblo: Excavations at a Large Community Center in Southwestern Colorado [HTML Title], edited by K. A. Kuckelman. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/yellowjacket.

Buikstra and Ubelaker 1994*1

Buikstra, J. E., and D. H. Ubelaker

1994    Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Research Series, no. 44. Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville.

Castilla et al. 1997*1

Castilla, E. E., M. da Graça Dutra, R. Lugarinho da Fonseca, and J. E. Paz

1997    Hand and Foot Postaxial Polydactyly: Two Different Traits. PubMed online abstract (at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) of American Journal of Medical Genetics 73:48–54.

Coleman 1994*1

Coleman, B. E.

1994    Dental Forensic Record Forms, Sand Canyon Pueblo. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

El-Najjar et al. 1975*1

El-Najjar, M. Y., B. Lozoff, and D. J. Ryan

1975    The Paleoepidemiology of Porotic Hyperostosis in the American Southwest: Radiological and Ecological Considerations. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine 125:918–924.

El-Najjar et al. 1976*1

El-Najjar, M. Y., D. J. Ryan, C. G. Turner, II, and B. Lozoff

1976    The Etiology of Porotic Hyperostosis Among the Prehistoric and Historic Anasazi Indians of Southwestern United States. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 44:477–488.

Fewkes 1909*1

Fewkes, J. W.

1909    Antiquities of the Mesa Verde National Park: Spruce-Tree House. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 41. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Genovés 1967*1

Genovés, S. C.

1967    Proportionality of Long Bones and Their Relation to Stature Among Mesoamericans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 26:67–78.

Goldstein 1963*1

Goldstein, M. S.

1963    Some Vital Statistics Based on Skeletal Material. Human Biology 35:3–12.

Hill 1970*1

Hill, J. N.

1970    Broken K Pueblo: Prehistoric Social Organization in the American Southwest. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, no. 18. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Hinkes 1983*1

Hinkes, M. J.

1983    Skeletal Evidence of Stress in Subadults: Trying to Come of Age at Grasshopper Pueblo. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Hoffman 1985*1

Hoffman, J. M.

1985    Preliminary Report on Human Skeletal Remains from Sand Canyon Pueblo (5MT765) and the Duckfoot Site (5MT3868): 1984 Excavations of the Crow Canyon Center for Southwestern Archeology. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Hoffman 1987*1

Hoffman, J. M.

1987    Preliminary Report on Human Skeletal Remains from Sand Canyon Pueblo (5MT765): 1985 Excavations of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Hoffman 1990*2

Hoffman, J. M.

1990    Report on Human Skeletal Remains from Sand Canyon Pueblo (5MT765): 1987 Excavations of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Howard et al. 1997*1

Howard, T. D., A. E. Guttmacher, W. McKinnon, M. Sharma, V. A. McKusick, and E. W. Jabs

1997    Autosomal Dominant Postaxial Polydactyly, Nail Dystrophy, and Dental Abnormalities Map to Chromosome 4p16, in the Region Containing the Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome Locus. American Journal of Human Genetics 61:1405–1412. Available at: www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG.

Huber 1989*1

Huber, E. K.

1989    Preliminary Report of Excavations: 1987 and 1988 Seasons at Green Lizard (5MT3901), Montezuma County, Colorado. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado. Report submitted to the Bureau of Land Management, San Juan Resource Area Office, Durango, Colorado.

Judd 1954*1

Judd, N. M.

1954    The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito. Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 124. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Karhu 2000*1

Karhu, S.

2000    Mortuary Practices and Population Health at Two Yellow Jacket Hamlets, 5MT1 and 5MT3. University of Colorado Museum, Boulder.

Katzenberg 1992*1

Katzenberg, M. A.

1992    Advances in Stable Isotope Analysis of Prehistoric Bones. In Skeletal Biology of Past Peoples: Research Methods, edited by S. R. Saunders and M. A. Katzenberg, pp. 105–119. Wiley-Liss, New York.

Katzenberg 1992*2

1992    Human Skeletal Remains from Sand Canyon Pueblo Excavated from 1988–1991. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Katzenberg 1995*1

Katzenberg, M. A.

1995    Report on Bone Chemistry Studies from the Sand Canyon Locality. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Katzenberg 1995*2

Katzenberg, M. A.

1995    Skeletal Evidence for Anasazi Violence in Southwestern Colorado. Paper presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Minneapolis.

Katzenberg 1999*2

Katzenberg, M. A.

1999    Human Skeletal Remains. In The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project: Site Testing [HTML Title], edited by M. D. Varien, Chapter 19. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/sitetesting.

Katzenberg and Walker 1992*1

Katzenberg, M. A., and P. Walker

1992    Perimortem Cranial Trauma in Prehistoric Native Americans in Southwest Colorado. Paper presented at the Paleopathology Meetings, Las Vegas.

Kice 1990*1

Kice, D. A.

1990    Preliminary Report on Human Skeletal Remains from Sand Canyon, Colorado: 1988 Excavations of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Kice 1991*1

Kice, D. A.

1991    Preliminary Report on Human Skeletal Remains from Sites 5MT765, 5MT3901, 5MT3930 and 5MT3936: 1988 Excavations of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Kuckelman 2000*1

Kuckelman, K. A. (editor)

2000    The Archaeology of Castle Rock Pueblo: A Thirteenth-Century Village in Southwestern Colorado [HTML Title]. Available: https://www.crowcanyon.org/castlerock.

Kuckelman 2001*1

Kuckelman, K. A.

2001    Skull Trauma and Warfare in the Ancient Southwest. Paper presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.

Kuckelman 2002*1

Kuckelman, K. A.

2002    Thirteenth-Century Warfare in the Central Mesa Verde Region. In Seeking the Center Place: Archaeology and Ancient Communities in the Mesa Verde Region, edited by M. D. Varien and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 233–253. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Kuckelman 2007*1

Kuckelman, K. A.

2007    The Depopulation of Sand Canyon Pueblo, a Large Ancestral Pueblo Village in Southwestern Colorado. American Antiquity, in press.

Kuckelman et al. 2002*2

Kuckelman, K. A., R. R. Lightfoot, and D. L. Martin

2002    The Bioarchaeology and Taphonomy of Violence at Castle Rock and Sand Canyon Pueblos, Southwestern Colorado. American Antiquity 67:486–513.

Lambert 1999*1

Lambert, P. M.

1999    Human Skeletal Remains. In The Puebloan Occupation of the Ute Mountain Piedmont, Volume 5: Environmental and Bioarchaeological Studies, edited by B. R. Billman, pp. 111–161. Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology, no. 22. Soil Systems, Phoenix.

Lipe and Varien 1999*2

Lipe, W. D., and M. D. Varien

1999    Pueblo II (A.D. 900–1150). In Colorado Prehistory: A Context for the Southern Colorado River Basin, edited by W. D. Lipe, M. D. Varien, and R. H. Wilshusen, pp. 242–289. Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Denver.

Malville 1993*1

Malville, N. J.

1993    Dental Enamel Hypoplasias in Permanent Teeth from Duckfoot, Sand Canyon, and Wallace Sites. Manuscript on file, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.

Malville 1997*1

Malville, N. J.

1997    Enamel Hypoplasia in Ancestral Puebloan Populations from Southwestern Colorado: I. Permanent Dentition. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102:351–367.

Martin et al. 2001*1

Martin, D. L., N. J. Akins, A. H. Goodman, H. W. Toll, and A. C. Swedlund

2001    Totah: Time and the Rivers Flowing: Excavations in the La Plata Valley, Volume 5: Harmony and Discord: Bioarchaeology. Archaeology Notes, no. 242. Office of Archaeological Studies, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Martin et al. 1991*1

Martin, D. L., A. H. Goodman, G. J. Armelagos, and A. L. Magennis

1991    Black Mesa Anasazi Health: Reconstructing Life from Patterns of Death and Disease. Center for Archaeological Investigations Occasional Paper, no. 14. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

McSherry 1998*1

McSherry, P. F.

1998    The Ectopic Maxillary Canine: A Review. British Journal of Orthodontics 25:209–216.

Mensforth et al. 1978*1

Mensforth, R. P., C. O. Lovejoy, J. W. Lallo, and G. J. Armelagos

1978    The Role of Constitutional Factors, Diet, and Infectious Disease in the Etiology of Porotic Hyperostosis and Periosteal Reactions in Prehistoric Infants and Children. Medical Anthropology 2(1), part 2:1–59.

Morris 1924*1

Morris, E. H.

1924    Burials in the Aztec Ruin: The Aztec Ruin Annex. Anthropological Papers, vol. 26, parts 3 and 4. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Morris 1939*1

Morris, E. H.

1939    Archaeological Studies in the La Plata District, Southwestern Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico. Publication, no. 519. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.

Nordenskiöld 1979*1

Nordenskiöld, G.

1979    The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado: Their Pottery and Implements. Translated by D. L. Morgan. Reprinted. Rio Grande Press, Glorieta, New Mexico. Originally published 1893, P. A. Norstedt and Söner, Stockholm.

Palkovich 1980*1

Palkovich, A. M.

1980    Pueblo Population and Society: The Arroyo Hondo Skeletal and Mortuary Remains. Arroyo Hondo Archaeological Series, no. 3. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.

Pepper 1909*1

Pepper, G. H.

1909    The Exploration of a Burial-Room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico. In Putnam Anniversary Volume: Anthropological Essays Presented to Frederic Ward Putnam in Honor of His Seventieth Birthday, April 16, 1909, by His Friends and Associates, edited by F. Boas, pp. 196–252. G. E. Stechert and Co., New York.

Pepper 1920*1

Pepper, G. H.

1920    Pueblo Bonito. Anthropological Papers, vol. 27. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Schlanger 1992*1

Schlanger, S. H.

1992    Places for the Living, Places for the Dead: Mortuary Variability in the Northern Southwest. Manuscript on file, Office of Archaeological Studies, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Sheth and Iskandar 2001*1

Sheth, R. D., and B. J. Iskandar

2001    Craniosynostosis [HTML Title]. Available: www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic80.htm. Date of use: 11 February 2004.

Stodder 1987*1

Stodder, A. W.

1987    The Physical Anthropology and Mortuary Practice of the Dolores Anasazi: An Early Pueblo Population in Local and Regional Context. In Dolores Archaeological Program: Supporting Studies: Settlement and Environment, compiled by K. L. Petersen and J. D. Orcutt, pp. 336–504. Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.

Varien 1999*1

Varien, M. D.

1999    Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape: Mesa Verde and Beyond. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Walker 1985*1

Walker, P.

1985    Anemia Among Prehistoric Indians of the American Southwest. In Health and Disease in the Prehistoric Southwest, edited by C. F. Merbs and R. J. Miller, pp. 139–164. Anthropological Research Papers, no. 34. Arizona State University, Tempe.

White 1992*1

White, T. D.

1992    Prehistoric Cannibalism at Mancos 5MTUMR-2346. Princeton University Press, Princeton.