We know a great deal about the ancient natural environment of the Southwest but far less about the ancient social environment. Use of their territory by any human group involves more than knowing plants, animals, good soil for crops, and times to plant. All human groups are embedded in a social world of other peoples with whom they constantly interact through trade, intermarriage, inter-group ceremonies, and much more, but the social environment is hard for archaeologists to reconstruct. One sort of social behavior that is easier to see is violence: raiding and warfare. In this talk, Cathy will compare archaeological evidence for violent social environments in the U.S. Southeast and Southwest.